Chapter+28

Ch 28 Vocabulary Words

Abstract Expressionism -

Apartheid -

Brezhnev Doctrine -

Cold War -

collective security

consumer society -

containment -

Decolonization -

Denazification -

Destalinization –

domino theory -

Feminism -

free trade –

Marshall Plan -

mutual deterrence -

Nationalization -

NATO -

Pop Art -

Rapprochement -

social security/social insurance -

socialized medicine -

Stalinization –

Truman Doctrine -

Warsaw Pact -

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Ch 28 Identify

The superpowers- conflict between United States and Soviet Union

Truman Doctrine- the doctrine, enunciated by Harry Truman in 1947, that the United States would provide economic aid to countries that said they were threatened by Communist expansion

Marshall Plan- The European Recovery Program, under which the United Sstates provided financial aid to European countries to help them rebuild after World War II

“containment”- a policy adopted by the United States in the Cold War. Its goal was to use whatever means, short of all-out war, to limit Soviet expansion

Berlin Blockade- Soviets blockaded West Germany to prevent Western powers from forming a separate West German state.

NATO- the North Atlantic Treaty Organization; military alliance agreed to provide mutual assistance if any one of then was attacked

COMECON- Council for Mutual Economic Assistance for economic cooperation

Warsaw Pact- formal military alliance of Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, east Germany, Hungary, Poland, Romania, and Soviet Union

Korean War- Cold War spread; Korea divide into North (Communist) and south (Anti-Communist); North Korea invades south Korea

“missle gap”- between Soviet Union and United states; Soviet Union launched ICBM (intercontinental ballistic missle) and Sputnik I (first space sattelite)

“massive retaliation”- policy of full use of american nuclear bombs to counteract even a Soviet ground attack in Europe

CENTO- Central treaty Organization; prevent Soviet Union from expanding at expense of its southern neighbors

SEATO- Southeast asia Treaty Organization

Nikita Khrushchev- took advantage of American frenzy over missles by working to solve problem of West Berlin; announced that the access routes of Berlin would be given to East Germany if the West does not remove its forces from West Berlin; threat did nothing; later built wall around West Berlin

Sputnik I- first space sattelite launched by Soviet Union

Berlin Wall- symbol of divided Europe; build wall around west Berlin to cut flow of refugees to West; 100 miles of wall with watchtowers, access from West Germany into West Berlin still permitted; built under military supervision

Ho Chi Minh- formed Vietminh Front and entangled with the War; Indochinese Communist Party leader

Bay of Pigs - America attempt to invade Cuba through here to overthrow Castro's regime; failed

Cuban Missile Crisis- U.S. sends missles to Turkey, and S.U. retaliats by sending missles to Cuba; America finds out that S.U. was sending a Soviet fleet carrying missles to Cuba, so Kennedy sends a blockade; end in a compromise that Khrushchev would remove the missles of Kennedy promises to not invade Cuba

Domino theory-

Vietnam War- Ho Chi Minh leader of the Indochinese Communist Party formed a multiparty nationalist alliance called the Vietminh Front and seized power in northern and central Vietnam; war breaks out between the government and the French; China sends help for Vietminh Front, and the United States supported the French; later labeled "the dirty war" and settled a peace settlement

Détente-

//Uhuru- "freedom" in Swahili//

African National Congress- goal to gain economic and political reforms including full equality for educated Africans; political activity formed by local blacks in South Africa

Apartheid- system of racial segregation

PLO- Palestine Liberation Organization; believed that only the Palestinians had the right to form the state in Palestine

Al-Fatah- guerrilla movement; launch terrorist attacks on Israeli territory

Yasir Arafat- PLO political leader

Six-Day War- Israel vs. Arabs; Israel territory size triples

Indian National Congress - negotiations with Britain and Muslim League; Hindu; one of two countries (India); there was an unwillingless to accept a single Indian state

Mahatma Gandhi and an "orgy of blood" - objected the division of India

Mao Zedong- China Communist leader who finally gained control of China over Chiang Kai Shek

Great Leap Forward- promoted by Mao Zedong; combining collective farms to mobilize people for massive effort to speed economic growth and reach final stage of communism; a great disaster because of bad weather and peasant hatred of new system

Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution-

Stalinization and destalinization- the adoption by Eastern European Communist countries of features of the economic, political, and military policies implemented by Stalin in the Soviet Union/ the policy of denouncing and undoing the most repressive aspects of Stalin's regime; begun by Nikita Khrushchev in 1956

Hungarian uprising- hope to end Communist rule in Hungary; against communism, hatred against Stalinist secret police

“Prague Spring”-

Christian Democratic parties - interest in democracy and in significant economic reforms

Charles de Gaulle’s Fifth Republic- enhanced power of president and want to return France to position of Great power

Konrad Adenauer - "founding hero" of West Germany (Federal Republic)

West Germany’s “economic miracle” - resurrection of West Germany economy; guided by minister of finance Ludwig Erhard

Great Britain’s welfare state - sociopolitical system in whcih the government assumes primary responsibility for the social welfare of its citizens by providing such things as social security, unemployment benefits, and health care

European Coal and Steel Community - create a common market for coal and steel products among six nations by eliminating tariffs and other trade barriers

EEC/Common Market - eliminated customs barriers for six member nations and created a large free-trade area protected from the rest of the world by a common external tariff

The Great Society- programs including health care for elderly, a "war on poverty," new Job Corps, new Department of Housing and Urban Development to deal iwth problems of cities, and federal assistance for education

Martin Luther King and “white backlash”- leader of movement for racial equality; demonstrations to end racial segregation; March on Washington to call for equal right and opportunities; "white backlash" as white racist against black civil rights advances

The “consumer society”- Western society taht emerged after World War II as the working classes adopted the consumption patterns of the middle class and payment plans, credit cards, and easy credit made consumer goods such as appliances and automobiles affordable

Women’s liberation movement- movement for women's suffrage or the right to vote

Simone de Beauvoir- argued for the women's individual rights; wrote Second Sex arguing about the definitions of women by men

The birth-control pill- easier way for birth control; declining birth rate

Jackson Pollock-known for his drip paintings or painting on the floor; great asset to Abstract Expressionism

Abstract Expressionism- a post- World War II artistic movement that broke iwth all conventions of form and structure in favor of total abstraction

Andy Warhol- asset of pop art; adapted images from commercial art to express the "of the moment" and fleeting whims of popular culture

Pop Art- an artistic movement of the 1950s and 1960s in which artists took images of popular culture and transformed them into works of fine art. Andy Warhol's painting of Campbell's soup cans is one example

Samuel Beckett’s //Waiting for Godot- no background information; nothing known; meeting or not meeting someone or whatever else; cannot tell what's real or not//

Existentialism- a philosophical movemen that arose after World War II that emphasized the meaninglessness of life, born of the desperation caused by two world wars

Jean Paul Sartre- "existence precedes essence" humans exist and then define themselves or creates their own values

Albert Camus- humans are meaningless and reduced to despair and depression, but they are their own source of hope; world is absurd

Pope John XXIII- attempted a religious revival in Catholicism

Ingmar Bergman, Francois Truffaut, and Frederico Fellini - directors of respectfully Sweden, France, and Italy that produced films with more complex and daring themes gloried ine xperimenting iwth subject matter and technique

Elvis Presley- american artists inspired british performers such as Beatles, led "invasion" of United States; rock music with blues; mixed white "folkabilly" with rhythm andblues, making rock-and-roll very popular with larger white audience

The Beatles- british performers leading an invasion of United states with new rockers in America

Chapter28 Multiple Choice Answers
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